Key Concepts

Cloud Trail in KakaoCloud automatically collects and records user activities. It tracks user activities such as logins, resource creations, modifications, and deletions at the event level, allowing you to manage activity information.

Key Concepts

The key concepts of Cloud Trail are as follows.

Key Concept	Description
Event	Unit for recording user activities - Classified into organization/project events - Provides information such as occurrence date, event name, user, service, and log
Organization event	Events occurring in organization-wide services - Queryable only by IAM roles with Org Owner, Org Admin, Trail Viewer, or Project Reader permissions - Examples: Project creation and deletion, billing queries
Project event	Events occurring in project-wide services - Queryable by all members of the project - Examples: Creation and deletion of a resource
User	Account recorded in the event activity - Identifies the initiator of the activity, such as the creator during resource creation or the operator during specification changes
Service	Service where the event occurred
Resource type	Type of service resource where the event occurred
Resource name	Name of the service resource where the event occurred
Event log	JSON-formatted event log

info

For details on IAM role types in the KakaoCloud Console, refer to the IAM role.

Organization events

The organization events that can be queried in Cloud Trail are as follows.

IAM

Service	Resource type	Organization event name
IAM	Domain	Console Login
IAM	Domain	Console Logout
IAM	Domain	Project Update
IAM	Domain	User Add
IAM	Domain	User Delete
IAM	Domain	Group Create
IAM	Domain	Group Delete
IAM	Domain	Domain Role Assign
IAM	Domain	Domain Role Unassign
IAM	Domain	Project Group Assign
IAM	Domain	Domain Group Assign
IAM	Domain	Group Unassign
IAM	Domain	Group Member Add
IAM	Domain	Group Member Remove

Billing

Service name	Resource type	Organization event name	Description
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group Detail View	View billing group details
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group Update	Update billing group
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group Delete	Delete billing group
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group Create	Create billing group
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group User View	View billing group user permissions
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group User Update	Update billing group user permissions
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group View	View billing group list
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group Of User View	View billing group user list
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group Project View	View billing group project list
Billing	Billing Group	Billing Group User Delete	Delete billing group permissions
Billing	Cost Report	Cost Report Project View	View estimated charges project list
Billing	Cost Report	Cost Report Monthly View	View estimated charges (monthly)
Billing	Cost Report	Cost Report Daily View	View estimated charges (daily)
Billing	Cost Report	Cost Report Project Detail View	View estimated charges project details
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Project View	View invoice by project
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Service View	View invoice by service
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Service Document View	Download invoice by service (Excel)
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Project Detail View	View invoice by project
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Project Document View	Download invoice by project (Excel)
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Start Month View	View invoice
Billing	Invoice	Invoice Credit View	View invoice top summary credit items
Billing	Credit	Credit View	View credit list
Billing	Credit	Credit Service View	View services applied with credit
Billing	Credit	Credit History View	View credit usage history
Billing	Payment	Payment Create	Register or modify payment method
Billing	Payment	Payment Receipt View	View credit card sales slip
Billing	Payment	Payment Check	Check payment method
Billing	Payment	Payment View	View payment method list

Project events

The project events that can be queried in Cloud Trail are as follows.

Virtual Machine

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Create
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Stop
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Shelve
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Start
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Reboot
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Delete
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Resize
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Volume Attach
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Volume Detach
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Error
Virtual Machine	Keypair	Keypair Create
Virtual Machine	Keypair	Keypair Delete
Virtual Machine	Block Storage	Volume Create
Virtual Machine	Block Storage	Volume Delete
Virtual Machine	Block Storage	Volume Resize
Virtual Machine	Snapshot	Snapshot Create
Virtual Machine	Snapshot	Snapshot Delete
Virtual Machine	Snapshot	Snapshot Restore
Virtual Machine	Image	Image Create
Virtual Machine	Image	Image Update
Virtual Machine	Image	Image Delete
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Migrate Start
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Evacuate Start
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Migrate Finished
Virtual Machine	Instance	Instance Evacuate Finished

Bare Metal Server

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Create
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Stop
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Start
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Reboot
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Delete
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Rebuild
Bare Metal Server	Instance	Instance Error

GPU

Service	Resource type	Project event name
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Create
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Stop
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Shelve
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Start
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Reboot
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Delete
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Volume Attach
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Volume Detach
GPU Instance	Instance	Instance Error

VPC

Service	Resource type	Project event name
VPC	Security Group	Security Group Create
VPC	Security Group	Security Group Delete
VPC	Security Group	Security Group Rule Create
VPC	Security Group	Security Group Rule Delete
VPC	Security Group	Connection Resource Management
VPC	Public IP	Public IP Create
VPC	Public IP	Public IP Delete
VPC	Public IP	Public IP Update
VPC	VPC	VPC Create
VPC	VPC	VPC Delete
VPC	Subnet	Subnet Create
VPC	Subnet	Subnet Delete
VPC	Routing Table	Routing Table Create
VPC	Routing Table	Routing Table Delete
VPC	Route	Route Create
VPC	Route	Route Delete
VPC	Route	Route Update

Load Balancing

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Load Balancing	Load Balancer	Load Balancer Create
Load Balancing	Load Balancer	Load Balancer Delete
Load Balancing	Listener	Listener Create
Load Balancing	Listener	Listener Delete
Load Balancing	Listener	Listener Update
Load Balancing	Target Group	Target Group Create
Load Balancing	Target Group	Target Group Delete
Load Balancing	Target Group	Target Group Update
Load Balancing	Health Check	Heath Check Create
Load Balancing	Health Check	Health Check Delete
Load Balancing	Health Check	Health Check Update

CDN

Service	Resource type	Project event name
CDN	Service	Service Create
CDN	Service	Service Stop
CDN	Service	Service Start or Reboot
CDN	Service	Service Delete
CDN	Service	Request Purge
CDN	Service	Update Origin Server
CDN	Service	Update Cache
CDN	Service	Update Viewer Protocol
CDN	Service	Update Referer Header
CDN	Service	Update Root Path
CDN	Service	Service Redeploy
CDN	Service	Purge Success
CDN	Service	Purge Fail
CDN	Service	Deploy Success
CDN	Service	Deploy Fail
CDN	Certificate	Certificate Create
CDN	Certificate	Certificate Delete
CDN	Certificate	Certificate Associate
CDN	Certificate	Certificate Remove
CDN	Certificate	Certificate Expire Alarm

Transit Gateway

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway Create
Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway Delete
Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway Update
Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway Share
Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway	Transit Gateway Unshare
Transit Gateway	Attachment	VPC Attachment Create
Transit Gateway	Attachment	VPC Attachment Delete
Transit Gateway	Attachment	VPC Attachment Approve
Transit Gateway	Route Table	Route Table Create
Transit Gateway	Route Table	Route Table Delete
Transit Gateway	Route Table	Route Table Update
Transit Gateway	Route Table	Route Table Association Create
Transit Gateway	Route Table	Route Table Association Delete
Transit Gateway	Route	Static Route Create
Transit Gateway	Route	Static Route Delete

Kubernetes Engine

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Kubernetes Engine	Cluster	Create cluster Request
Kubernetes Engine	Cluster	Update Cluster Request
Kubernetes Engine	Cluster	Delete Cluster Request
Kubernetes Engine	Nodepool	Create Nodepool Request
Kubernetes Engine	Nodepool	Update Nodepool Request
Kubernetes Engine	Nodepool	Delete nodepool Request
Kubernetes Engine	Nodepool	Cordon Nodepool Request
Kubernetes Engine	Nodepool	Uncordon Nodepool Request
Kubernetes Engine	Node	Cordon Node Request
Kubernetes Engine	Node	Uncordon Node Request

Container Registry

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Container Registry	Project	Garbage Collection Run
Container Registry	Project	Garbage Collection Done
Container Registry	Repository	Repository Create
Container Registry	Repository	Repository Update
Container Registry	Repository	Repository Role Update
Container Registry	Repository	Repository Delete
Container Registry	Image	Image Update
Container Registry	Image	Image Expires Update
Container Registry	Image	Image Delete
Container Registry	Tag	Image Push
Container Registry	Tag	Image Scan Done
Container Registry	Tag	Tag Add
Container Registry	Tag	Tag Restore
Container Registry	Tag	Tag Delete

Object Storage

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Object Storage	Bucket	Bucket Create
Object Storage	Bucket	Bucket Delete
Object Storage	Bucket	Bucket Life Cycle Create
Object Storage	Bucket	Bucket Life Cycle Delete
Object Storage	Bucket	Bucket Permissions Setting
Object Storage	Bucket Assignment	Assignment Create
Object Storage	Bucket Assignment	Assignment Update
Object Storage	Bucket Assignment	Assignment Delete
Object Storage	Bucket	Bucket CORS Policy Update

File Storage

Service	Resource type	Project event name
File Storage	Instance	Instance Create
File Storage	Instance	Instance Update
File Storage	Instance	Instance Delete
File Storage	Instance	Instance Restore
File Storage	Backup	Backup Start
File Storage	Backup	Backup Finished
File Storage	Backup	Backup Update
File Storage	Backup	Backup Delete
File Storage	Backup	Backup Restore Start
File Storage	Backup	Backup Restore Finished

MySQL

Service	Resource type	Project event name
-------	-----	-----
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Error
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Create
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Delete
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Switchover Error
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Start Switchover
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group End Switchover
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Start Failover
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group End Failover
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Update Backup Schedule
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Update Parameter Group Start
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Update Parameter Group End
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Update Parameter Group Error
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Retry Parameter Group Start
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Retry Parameter Group End
MySQL	Instance Group	Instance Group Retry Parameter Group Error
MySQL	Instance	Instance Error
MySQL	Instance	Instance Restart Error
MySQL	Instance	Instance Start Restart
MySQL	Instance	Instance End Restart
MySQL	Instance	Instance Volume Extend Error
MySQL	Instance	Instance Start Volume Extend
MySQL	Instance	Instance End Volume Extend
MySQL	Backup	Backup Error
MySQL	Backup	Backup Delete
MySQL	Backup	Backup Start
MySQL	Backup	Backup End
MySQL	Backup	Scheduled Backup Error
MySQL	Backup	Scheduled Backup Delete
MySQL	Backup	Scheduled Backup Start
MySQL	Backup	Scheduled Backup End
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Create
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Delete
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Update
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Update Start
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Update End
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Update Error
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Reset
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Reset Start
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Reset End
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Reset Error
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Rollback
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Rollback Start
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Rollback End
MySQL	Parameter Group	Parameter Group Rollback Error

MemStore

Service	Resource type	Project event name
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Create
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Delete
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Shard Add
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Shard Delete
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Node Add
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Node Delete
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Failover
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Switchover
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Node Down
MemStore	Cluster	Node Recovery
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Failover Complete
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Create Failed
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Recovery Complete
MemStore	Cluster	Cluster Backup Schedule Update
MemStore	Backup	Backup Create Complete
MemStore	Backup	Backup Create
MemStore	Backup	Backup Create Failed
MemStore	Backup	Scheduled Backup Create
MemStore	Backup	Scheduled Backup Create Complete
MemStore	Backup	Scheduled Backup Create Failed
MemStore	Backup	Backup Delete
MemStore	Backup	Backup Delete Complete
MemStore	Backup	Scheduled Backup Delete
MemStore	Backup	Scheduled Backup Delete Complete
MemStore	Backup	Backup Copy
MemStore	Backup	Backup Copy Complete
MemStore	Backup	Backup Export
MemStore	Backup	Backup Export Complete
MemStore	Backup	Backup Export Failed

Hadoop Eco

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Hadoop Eco	Hadoop HDE, Hbase HDE, Trino HDE, Dataflow HDE	Hadoop Eco Initialize
Hadoop Eco	Hadoop HDE, Hbase HDE, Trino HDE, Dataflow HDE	Hadoop Eco VM Create
Hadoop Eco	Hadoop HDE, Hbase HDE, Trino HDE, Dataflow HDE	Hadoop Eco Install
Hadoop Eco	Hadoop HDE, Hbase HDE, Trino HDE, Dataflow HDE	Hadoop Eco Start
Hadoop Eco	Hadoop HDE, Hbase HDE, Trino HDE, Dataflow HDE	Hadoop Eco Terminate(User)
...	...	...

Event-specific Resource type versions are as follows:

Resource type	Versions
Hadoop HDE	1.0.0, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 2.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.1.2, 2.0.1
Hbase HDE	1.0.0, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 2.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.1.2, 2.0.1
Trino HDE	1.1.2, 2.0.1
Dataflow HDE	1.1.2, 2.0.1

Data Catalog

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Data Catalog	DataCatalog	Create Data Catalog
Data Catalog	Catalog	Create Catalog
Data Catalog	Catalog	Delete catalog
Data Catalog	Database	Create Database
Data Catalog	Database	Alter Database
Data Catalog	Database	Drop Database
Data Catalog	Database	Cleanup Inactive Database
Data Catalog	Table	Create Table
Data Catalog	Table	Alter Table
Data Catalog	Table	Drop Table
Data Catalog	Table	Cleanup Inactive Table
Data Catalog	Table	Create Column
Data Catalog	Table	Alter Column
Data Catalog	Table	Drop Column
Data Catalog	Table	Add Table Param
Data Catalog	Table	Update Table Param
Data Catalog	Table	Delete Table Param
Data Catalog	Table	Add Serde Param
Data Catalog	Table	Update Serde Param

Data Query

Service Name	Resource Type	Project Event Name	Description
Data Query	Data Source	Data Source Create	Data source creation
Data Query	Data Source	Data Source Delete	Data source deletion
Data Query	Data Source	Data Source Create Failed	Data source creation failed
Data Query	Query Result Location	Query Result Location Create	Set query result storage location
Data Query	Query Result Location	Query Result Location Update	Modify query result storage location
Data Query	Query	Query Execution Succeed	Query execution succeeded
Data Query	Query	Query Execution Failed	Query execution failed
Data Query	Query	Query Execution Aborted	Query execution aborted
Data Query	Query Result	Query Result Upload Succeed	Query result upload succeeded
Data Query	Query Result	Query Result Upload Failed	Query result upload failed

Pub/Sub

Service Name	Resource Type	Project Event Name	Description
Pub/Sub	Topic	Topic Create	Create topic
Pub/Sub	Topic	Topic Update	Update topic
Pub/Sub	Topic	Topic Delete	Delete topic
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Create	Create subscription
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Update	Update subscription
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Delete	Delete subscription
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Seek	Roll back subscription timestamp
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Start	Enable subscription export
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Stop	Disable subscription export
Pub/Sub	Subscription	Subscription Inactive	Change subscription status (Error, Expired, Invalid bucket, Unauthorized)

IAM

Service	Resource type	Project event name
IAM	Project	Choose Project
IAM	Project Member	Project Member Assign
IAM	Project Member	Project Member Unassign
IAM	Service Account	Service Account Create
IAM	Service Account	Service Account Delete
IAM	Service Account	Service Account Update
IAM	Service Account	Service Account Access Key Create
IAM	Service Account	Service Account Access Key Delete
IAM	User Access Key	User Access Key Create
IAM	User Access Key	User Access Key Delete

Monitoring

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Monitoring	Custom Dashboard	Custom Dashboard Create
Monitoring	Custom Dashboard	Custom Dashboard Delete
Monitoring	Custom Dashboard	Custom Dashboard Update
Monitoring	Custom Dashboard	Custom Dashboard Copy

Alert Center

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Alert Center	Channel	Channel Create
Alert Center	Channel	Channel Update
Alert Center	Channel	Channel Delete
Alert Center	Alert Policy	Alert Policy Create
Alert Center	Alert Policy	Alert Policy Update
Alert Center	Alert Policy	Alert Policy Delete

Kubeflow

Service	Resource type	Project event name
Kubeflow	Essential+HPT+ServingAPI 1.0.0	Kubeflow Create
Kubeflow	Essential+HPT+ServingAPI 1.0.0	Kubeflow Delete
Kubeflow	Essential+HPT+ServingAPI 1.0.0	Failed to send email
Kubeflow	Essential+HPT+ServingAPI 1.0.0	Kubeflow Undisplay
Kubeflow	User	Kubeflow User Create
Kubeflow	User	Kubeflow User Update
Kubeflow	User	Kubeflow User Delete
Kubeflow	User	Kubeflow User Password Reset
Kubeflow	Group	Kubeflow Group Create
Kubeflow	Group	Kubeflow Group Update
Kubeflow	Group	Kubeflow Group Delete
Kubeflow	GroupUser	Kubeflow Group User Delete

DNS

Service	Resource type	Project event name
DNS	Zone	Zone Create
DNS	Zone	Zone Delete
DNS	Record	Record Create
DNS	Record	Record Update
DNS	Record	Record Delete