Create and manage volumes

This document explains how to manage volumes and snapshots attached to VM instances in the Virtual Machine service.

Create volume

You can create a new volume.

1. Go to the KakaoCloud Console > Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.

2. Select the Volume menu and click the [Create volume] button at the top right.

3. In the Create volume pop-up, enter the required information and click [Create].
   

   Create volume

   Item	Description
   Volume name	Enter the name of the volume
   Volume description (optional)	Enter a description of the volume
   Type	Volume type - Only SSD type is supported
   Size	volume size - for Linux systems: can be created in sizes from 1 to 16,384 GB - for Windows systems: can be created in sizes from 1 to 2,048 GB
   Max IOPS	Maximum IOPS based on volume size - 3,000 IOPS to 16,000 IOPS
   Availability zone	Location where the volume will be created
   Snapshot schedule	Not used - The volume will not use a snapshot schedule Used - The volume will automatically create snapshots based on a defined policy

Manage volume

View volume list

You can view the list of active volumes and their basic information.

1. Go to the KakaoCloud Console > Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.

2. From the Volume menu, check the list of active volumes. Various filter options are available as needed.

   Volume list

   Item	Description
   Name	Name of the volume
   ID	Unique volume ID
   Status	Volume status - For details, refer to Volume status values
   Attached instance	Attached instance - Clicking the instance name navigates to its detail page
   Mount point	Mount point of the attached volume
   Type	Volume type
   Size	Volume size
   Snapshot schedule	Associated snapshot schedule
   Availability zone	Availability zone in which the volume was created
   Created at	Date and time the volume was created
   More options	Perform specific actions per volume - Edit volume: Edit volume settings for the instance - Attach/detach volume: Configure or detach volume from instance - Create snapshot: Create snapshot of the volume - Attach/detach snapshot schedule: Configure or detach snapshot schedule - Delete volume: Delete the created volume

View volume details

You can check and manage detailed information of a volume and its associated snapshots.

1. Go to the KakaoCloud Console > Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.

2. From the Volume menu, select the volume you want to view.

3. On the volume's detail page, review its information.

   Volume details

View volume by instance

You can view volume information attached to a specific instance.

1. Go to the KakaoCloud Console > Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.
2. From the Instance menu, select the instance to view its volumes.
3. On the instance's detail page, select the Volume tab to view the attached volumes.

Modify volume

You can modify the settings of a volume.

1. Go to the KakaoCloud Console > Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.
2. From the Volume menu, click the [More options] icon next to the target volume and select Edit volume.
   • When resizing the volume, only values greater than the current size can be entered in 1GB units. After resizing, refer to Extend file system to update the file system.
3. In the Edit volume pop-up, configure the settings and click [Save].

Attach volume

Newly created volumes are in the Available state and not attached to any instance. To use them, they must be attached to an instance via the console and connected as devices according to the OS-specific guide.

Attach from console

To attach a volume to an instance via the KakaoCloud Console:

1. Go to the Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.
2. From the Volume menu, click the [More options] icon for the desired volume and select Attach volume.
3. In the Attach volume pop-up, enter the required information and click [Save].

info

When attaching a volume, enabling the Delete with instance option will ensure the volume is deleted along with the instance.

Attach on Linux

Connect to the instance via SSH and configure the file system and mount point.

1. Use lsblk to confirm the volume is attached as a device.

   lsblk

2. Use file -s to check for an existing file system.

   sudo file -s /dev/vdb

3. If data is returned, create a file system using mkfs -t:

   sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/vdb

4. Confirm the file system was created:

   sudo file -s /dev/vdb

5. Create a mount point directory:

   sudo mkdir -p /data/vdb

6. Mount the volume:

   sudo mount /dev/vdb /data/vdb

7. Verify the mount:

   sudo lsblk

8. To persist the mount after reboot, check UUID:

   lsblk -o +UUID

9. Add the UUID entry to /etc/fstab:

   UUID=<uuid> /data/vdb xfs defaults,nofail 0 2

Attach on Linux (xfs)

If a snapshot created from an xfs-based root volume is restored to the same instance, a UUID conflict may occur. To resolve:

1. Mount with nouuid:

   sudo mount -t xfs -o nouuid /dev/vdb1 /mnt

2. Unmount:

   sudo umount /dev/vdb1

3. Regenerate UUID:

   sudo xfs_admin -U generate /dev/vdb1

4. Apply the new UUID:

   sudo xfs_admin -U <new-uuid> /dev/vdb1

5. Mount the volume again:

   sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt

Attach on Windows

1. Press WIN + R and run diskmgmt.msc.
2. In Disk Management, right-click the new disk and select Online.
3. Right-click the disk again and select Initialize Disk.
4. Select GPT partition style and click [OK].
5. Right-click the initialized disk and select New Simple Volume.
6. Follow the New Simple Volume Wizard to configure the volume and complete setup.

Detach volume

You can detach unused volumes.

info

• Root volumes in use as OS disks cannot be detached.
• If the instance is running (Active), the volume must be unmounted before detaching. For safe detachment, it is recommended to stop the instance first.

1. Go to the Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.
2. In the Volume tab, click the [More options] icon next to the volume and select Detach volume.
3. In the pop-up, confirm the volume and instance, then click [Detach].

Expand volume

You can increase the size of a volume.

info

• After resizing, use file system commands to expand the file system.
  - Begin expansion only after the volume status changes to Extending.
  
• For new QoS settings to apply:
  • For root volumes: Shelve and then Unshelve the instance.
  • For additional volumes: Detach and then Attach the volume again.

1. Go to the Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.
2. From the Volume menu, click the [More options] icon next to the volume and select Edit volume.
3. In the Edit volume pop-up, input the new size and click [Save].

Extend file system

To store data in the additional disk space after expanding a volume, you must manually access the instance and update the file system and partition size. The following steps explain how to expand the file system using relevant commands on the instance after the volume size has been increased. Note that steps may vary depending on the instance's partition and file system configuration.

The following table shows the default partition table formats and file system types provided by KakaoCloud by OS:

OS name	Version	Root volume partition table	File system
Ubuntu	20.04	GPT	ext4
Ubuntu	22.04	GPT	ext4
Ubuntu	24.04	GPT	ext4
CentOS Stream	9	MBR	xfs
Rocky Linux	8.10	MBR	xfs
Rocky Linux	9.4	MBR	xfs
Alma Linux	8.10	GPT	xfs
Alma Linux	9.4	GPT	xfs
Windows	2019	MBR	ntfs
Windows	2022	MBR	ntfs

info

Changing the file system or partition does not modify or delete existing data. However, we recommend backing up important data before making changes.

Linux

The following steps explain how to expand partitions and file systems for commonly used Linux file systems such as ext4 and xfs. This example assumes the instance has a 50GB root volume that has been expanded to 80GB.

Step 1. Connect to instance

Connect to the instance using the ssh command in a terminal. For more details, refer to Create and connect to instance.

Step 2. Check partition and file system info

1. Use lsblk and df to check the partition and file system info.

   sudo lsblk
   sudo df -Th

2. Confirm that the disk has been expanded but the partition size remains the same.

Step 3. Extend partition

Use growpart to extend the partition.

sudo growpart /dev/vda 1

Use lsblk again to confirm the partition has been extended.

Step 4. Extend file system

Use the appropriate command based on the file system type:

ext4

sudo resize2fs /dev/vda1

xfs

sudo xfs_growfs -d /

Check the updated file system size with:

sudo df -Th

Windows

The following example explains how to expand a 50GB root volume to 70GB and extend the file system in Windows.

Step 1. Use disk management tool

1. Go to the Beyond Compute Service > Virtual Machine menu.
2. Select the instance and click RDP connect.
3. In the pop-up, check the password and log in.
4. Right-click the Windows icon and select Disk management.
5. Click Action > Refresh.
6. Right-click the formatted partition and select Extend volume.
7. Follow the wizard to complete the extension.

Step 2. Extend partition using PowerShell

1. Open Windows PowerShell (Admin).

2. Check the drive letter:

   Get-Partition

3. Rescan the disks:

   "rescan" | diskpart

4. Check supported sizes:

   Get-PartitionSupportedSize -DriveLetter <drive-letter>

5. Extend the partition to max size:

   Resize-Partition -DriveLetter <drive-letter> -Size $(Get-PartitionSupportedSize -DriveLetter <drive-letter>).SizeMax

6. Or extend to a specific size:

   Resize-Partition -DriveLetter <drive-letter> -Size <size>